PMC

The thickness and drying time of films as cast from lacquer sap solution with brush coater. a) Micrograph for brush coating of lacquer sap solution and b) SEM image for the cross-sectional view of lacquer film. The thickness of lacquer films prepared with ultrasonicated lacquer sap solution: c) 15 W and d) 100 W treatments. e, f) Graphs for drying time of ultrasonicated lacquer sap solution with different power intensity of e) 15 W and f) 100 W (measured by TD and HD methods).

ICGA (left) and SD-OCT (right) in highly myopic eyes without lacquer crack (top), with linear lacquer cracks (middle), or with stellate lacquer cracks (bottom). (Top). No lacquer cracks shown on ICGA and SD-OCT reveals a choroidal layer of normal thickness. (Middle). Linear lacquer cracks seen on ICGA and SD-OCT shows a mildly reduced subfoveal choroidal thickness. (Bottom). Stellate lacquer cracks seen on ICGA and SD-OCT reveals a markedly reduced subfoveal choroidal thickness compared to top right and middle right.

Multimodal imaging of the eyes with lacquer cracks. Fundus photographs of lacquer cracks showed yellowish lines and dots. FAF did not show the lesions of lacquer cracks. NIR revealed hyperreflective lines that correlated with the hypofluorescent lines on late-phase ICGA. FA showed a window defect that correlated with the lacquer crack lesion in example 1 (left), whereas FA did not show the extension and shape of the lacquer cracks in example 2 (right).

Scanning electronic microscopy of Trichophyton rubrum treated with different concentrations of fraction in nail laquer. A and B = control; C and D = nail lacquer without fraction; E and F = nail lacquer with 1.25 mg of chloroform fraction; G and H= nail lacquer with 5 mg of chloroform fraction. C, E and G= samples taken near the nail lacquer; D, F and H=samples taken far the nail lacquer. Magnification: 3000× (A) and 2000× (B–H). Bars 5 µm.